Blocks
Rail lines are divided into sections called blocks. Signal systems use track occupancy information to help protect train movements.
Signal indications
Signal colors and arrangements communicate operating rules, but exact meanings depend on the railroad's signal system and rulebook.
Centralized Traffic Control
CTC allows dispatchers to remotely control signals and powered switches across large territories while monitoring track occupancy.
Positive Train Control
PTC is designed to prevent certain train-to-train collisions, overspeed derailments, incursions into established work zones and movements through improperly positioned switches in specified circumstances.
Layers of protection
Safe operation combines rules, dispatcher authority, signals, crew knowledge, track systems and train-control technology.
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